For the operation of navigation and communication systems, the most important parameter is the ionospheric total electron content TEC modeling capabilities and the use of which is the subject of this Chapter. Among them may be selected satellite communications, satellite navigation, including systems such as GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and others, space-based radars and imaging, terrestrial radar surveillance and tracing, and others. The simplest example is the variety of communications systems that are affected by the ionosphere and are described in detail in. The role of the ionosphere in ensuring mankind activity cannot be overestimated: It softens the blow of the solar wind and provides wave propagation of various frequency ranges. Under the influence of solar radiation, the Earth is surrounded by an ionized shell, which is called the ionosphere. All processes on the Earth are related to the influence of the sun.
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